How to Build a House in an Unchallenging Way

To effectively manage your project and stay on top of the schedule as your house is being built, it is essential to understand the process step by step. By comprehensively understanding each stage of how to build a house, you can anticipate and ensure a smooth progression of the project. This understanding is particularly valuable whether you are taking on the role of project manager or delegating responsibilities to other team members.

Being aware of what to expect at each stage of how to build a house will provide you with confidence and enable you to engage with trades people at specific points during the construction process. This familiarity with the overall build process will help you feel more comfortable, allowing you to effectively communicate and collaborate with various trades and professionals involved in the project.

When acting as your own project manager or undertaking any of the construction works you, understanding how to build a house step-by-step becomes even more crucial. This knowledge ensures that you can effectively coordinate the arrival of materials and the contracting of trades at the right time. By staying organized and well-informed about the construction process, you can facilitate a smooth build and avoid unnecessary delays or complications.

Introduction

The construction process of how to build a house consists of two main stages: the pre-weather tight stage and the post-weather tight stage, also known as “getting a house to shell.” The weather tight stage is reached when the walls, roof, windows, and doors are installed, and the house is fully lockable, resembling a finished structure from the outside.

For beginners learning how to build a house, achieving the weather tight stage is often the most exciting part of the process. It signifies significant progress as all the heavy construction work is completed and visible advancements can be seen almost daily. Depending on the size and complexity of the house, builders typically aim to achieve the weather tight stage within three to six months.

Once a house is weather tight, the interior work can begin. However, due to the intricacies involved, there is a complex schedule to follow. For example, certain trades, like plasterers, cannot work simultaneously with initial electrical installations. Consequently, this phase of the process can sometimes be time-consuming.

In total, the journey of learning how to build a house, from breaking ground (the initial excavation for foundation trenches) to moving into the finished house, usually takes between six and 12 months. However, the timeline can vary significantly depending on factors such as the project approach. Some timber frame package companies claim they can deliver a ready-to-live-in house within six months, while DIY self-builders may take three or more years to complete their projects.

Although the schedule can differ based on individual circumstances, below is a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to build a house that provides a clear understanding of the stages involved, from breaking ground to the final sign-off. This overview will help you grasp the overall progression of the house construction process.

1: Preparing the Site for House Construction

Assuming you have acquired your plot and completed all the necessary planning and preparatory work, the initial step in building a house is to prepare the site. This crucial stage involves various tasks, including site clearance, ensuring the availability of essential facilities, and setting up the necessary infrastructure for your tradespeople.

Here is an overview of the activities involved in this pre-build phase:

Ground workers establish site access
Clear the site and store retained material out of the way
Set up the site hut with drawings and safety equipment
Install the toilet
Position the lock-up/lorry container securely
Water board brings supply to boundary stopcock
Plumber connects the water standpipe
Surveyor marks out the building and transfers lines to profiles away from construction
Bring in and stack bricks and blocks clear of future construction
Set up the mixer station near the cement store and sand heap

2: Establishing the Base: Foundation Construction for Building a House

Moving forward, the next crucial step is to commence the foundation construction. Establishing a solid foundation is a significant aspect of any self-build project, as it can greatly impact both the budget and timeline. To maintain control over these factors, it is essential to determine the most suitable foundation system early on in the process.

Once the optimal and cost-effective solution is identified through a geotechnical study, which involves examining the site through trial holes or borings, you can proceed with laying the foundations on your prepared site.

Here is an outline of the tasks involved in this stage:

Excavate the foundations with the assistance of ground workers
Await approval from building control and warranty inspectors
Position reinforcement bars, mesh, or cages in the trenches as required
Place any compressible material or slip membranes within the trenches
Lay ducts to accommodate services entering through the foundations
Set up foot scaffold if necessary and prepare shuttering for any steps in the foundations
Pour concrete footings and compact it to achieve a level surface
Obtain approval from building/warranty inspectors to proceed
Construct the foundation block work up to the damp-proof course, employing the expertise of bricklayers
Install cranked air vents for ventilation
Incorporate drainage exit lintels into the structure
Fill cavities with lean-mix concrete to align with the external ground level
Install damp-proof courses, ensuring appropriate connections with any radon membranes or barriers

By following these steps diligently, you will establish a sturdy foundation for your house, setting the stage for the rest of the construction process.

3: Constructing the structure: Building the Framework of a House

Ground workers excavate service trenches and install pipes and ducts to planned stopcock/meter locations
Deliver and position concrete floor beams for each bay
Install drainage and vent pipes above the oversite
Fill the floor beams with blocks
Place coursing blocks and position ventilator grilles
Brush grout.
Schedule building control / warranty inspection
Begin construction of the superstructure
Install templates for future windows and doors
Require the first scaffolding lift

Continue Building the Structure

Ground workers excavate trenches for service pipes and lay them to the proposed stopcock/meter positions
Concrete floor beams are loaded and positioned in each bay
Drainage and vent pipes are installed above the oversite
Floor beams are filled with blocks to complete the structure
Coursing blocks are laid, and ventilator grilles are positioned
Grout is brushed to ensure a clean and neat finish
Building control/warranty inspection is arranged
Construction of the superstructure begins
Templates for future windows and doors are installed
The first lift of scaffolding is required
Cranes are arranged to lift first-floor beams onto each bay, if necessary
Plasterboard batten clips are positioned
Infill blocks are laid
Grout is brushed

Constructing the Wallplate

Progress the superstructure construction up to the wallplate level
Arrange for the third and fourth scaffolding lifts as needed
Prepare the wall plate by scarfing, bedding, and securing it with appropriate wallplate straps
Ensure a warranty inspection is conducted, if necessary
Have carpenters construct end trusses based on templates
Continue building up the gable ends and chimney
Coordinate additional scaffolding lifts for the gable ends
Have the plumber install lead flashings, trays, and skirts for the chimney
Ensure the plumber fits vent pipes and flashing skirts as they penetrate the roof
Complete the chimney by topping it out and installing the chimney pot
Assign bricklayers to point the chimney flashings

4: Roof Construction for Building a House

As your house takes shape, the next crucial step is the construction of the roof.

Carpenters secure roof trusses to the wall plate
Binders and bracing are fixed at key points for structural stability
Lay boards are installed in valleys for additional support
Dormers, if included, are constructed
Fascia, soffit, and necessary ventilation grilles or strips are fitted
A warranty inspection may be conducted
Roof tanks, if required, are installed

Installing the Roof Covering During House Construction

Roofers start by cutting and installing under cloaking along the verges
The roofers proceed with the process of felting and battening
Tiles or slates are carefully laid on the roof
Ridge and hip tiles are positioned and securely bedded
Valleys can be tiled, or fiberglass or lead valleys are installed
The plumber takes care of dressing down flashings and skirtings
Decorators then paint or stain the fascia’s, soffits, and barges to complete the aesthetic appeal

5: Exterior and Interior Fittings in House Construction

After completing the superstructure, the subsequent stage entails specific interior and exterior tasks, including window installation and the construction of stud wall partitions.

Plumbers install guttering
Window suppliers fit external joinery
Plasterers perform external rendering if required
Scaffolding is removed
Plumbers fit downpipes and connect them to drainage upstands / gullies
External decoration is carried out
Carpenters begin the first fix by installing door linings, constructing studwork partitions, and fixing window boards
Carpenters install plasterboard noggins and box in vent pipes
Plumbers and carpenters coordinate for the construction of necessary stands in the roof
Carpenters fix the loft trap

6: Initial Installation Phase in House Construction

Install flooring membrane and insulation, ensuring joints are taped and sealed up to the damp-proof course
Lay and secure under floor heating (UFH) loops
Complete the first fix plumbing for hot and cold water and waste within the floor zones
Install internal gas pipe work
Bring UFH pipe work to manifolds and outlet positions
Hire a supply and fix company to pump and level the floor screed, allowing it to set for three days
Lay protective hardboard or cardboard over the screed
Install carcass wiring for lighting and power circuits, including all back plates
Position the consumer unit(s)
Route wiring to external lighting points
Install TV aerial/satellite cables in the desired locations
Install internal telephone wiring as needed
Prepare cacassing for home entertainment, smart systems, and alarms

7: External Drainage and Site Works

Excavation of trenches for drainage runs initiated by ground workers.

Ground workers initiate the excavation of trenches for drainage runs
Trenches are filled to a depth of 150mm with pea shingle
Drains are laid according to the required falls
Brick or concrete section manholes are constructed, or purpose-made manholes, rodding eyes, and gullies are installed along the runs
The laid drains are inspected and approved by the building inspector
Pea shingle is used to haunch over the drains
Drainage trenches are backfilled
Approved contractors are responsible for connecting the system to the main sewer in the road
Carpenters complete the boxing and noggins, preparing them for the plasterer
Ground workers commence the construction of driveways and pathways
Bricklayers are tasked with building any fireplaces and hearths
The gas meter is installed and connected
Plumbers and electricians coordinate their efforts regarding cross bonding and earthing

8: Ceiling and Dry Lining Preparation

Installation of the Main Staircase by the Carpenter and Protective Covering
Securing Ceilings with Tacks by Dry liners/Plasterers
Plasterboard Lining on External and Block work Walls with Dots and Dabs
Plasterboard Tacking on Studwork Walls and Pipe Boxings
Filling and Scrim Taping of Joints and Angles
Jointing of Abutments between Different Materials using Mesh
Application of Internal and External Mastic Sealant on all Joinery
Skim Coating of Walls and Ceilings by Dryliners/Plasterers
Painting/Treating the Backs of Skirting and Architraves by the Decorator
Installation of Roofing Insulation

9: Refining Carpentry Installations

Now is the scheduled phase to incorporate the finer elements, including architraves, skirting, and flooring.

Internal doors to be installed by carpenters
Carpenters to fit skirting and architrave
Installation of bottom treads of the staircase, along with fitting of balustrading and handrails, as well as linen cupboard shelving
Fitting of loft door and ladder
Carpenters or specialists to lay timber floors and apply protective measures
Specialist tillers to lay ceramic floor tiles and apply protective measures
Installation or construction of built-in bedroom and bathroom furniture by carpenters or specialist suppliers
Fitting of kitchen units

10: Refining Electrical and Plumbing Installations in the Second Fix Stage

During the second fix stage, all electrical and plumbing components are wired and connected.

All wiring should be connected to the consumer unit
The boiler needs to be positioned, plumbed, and then wired in
Sink units should be plumbed in, earthed, and cross bonded
All sanitary ware needs to be fitted and plumbed in
Radiators and towel rails should be fitted and plumbed in
Connect the under floor heating loops to the manifolds
The electrician should check cross bonding and earthing to all sanitary ware, sinks, radiators, etc
Wire in the boiler, including control systems and room thermostats
The plumber and electrician should attend the firing up and commissioning of the boiler
Flush through all pipe work and connections and perform pressure testing
Leave the central heating on ‘test’ mode

11: Decoration

At this stage, individuals who have opted for a package company or main contractor to construct their house may decide to assume responsibility for the decorating tasks.

Undertaking these smaller tasks towards the conclusion of the building project is a practical approach, especially if the budget has been exceeded. However, it is crucial to only undertake jobs that align with your skills and capabilities to avoid the need for costly professional corrections.

Fitting of worktops, using templates previously taken
Thorough cleaning of the house, ensuring all debris and dust are removed outside
Decorators to inspect and rectify any holes, blemishes, or rough patches on walls
Smoothing or wire wool rubbing down of internal timber surfaces
Painting of all walls and ceilings by decorators, applying a mist coat followed by two coats of emulsion
Treatment of internal timber, including knotting, painting, priming, undercoating, and applying a top coat glaze, or staining with a two-coat finish
Specialist tillers to install ceramic wall tiles in the kitchen and utility areas
Filling of baths to allow for settling before tillers fix any wall or splash back tiles
Installation of a water meter

12: Landscaping

Some self builders opt for a break after completing the house before focusing on the landscaping if they have budget constraints. However, there are potential advantages to undertaking landscaping concurrently with the house construction, so it’s crucial to carefully consider your preferences and who will be responsible for the work.

Level the ground and prepare it, carried out by ground workers or landscape gardeners
Place the topsoil from storage in the required areas, with additional shipment if necessary
Remove or relocate the site hut if it is intended for use as a garden shed
Sell off or return the secure site storage to the hirers
Have ground workers complete the driveway surface
Lay patio slabs
Have bricklayers construct any required dwarf or decorative walling
Level the lawned areas in preparation for seeding or turfing
Assign approved contractors to complete any bellmouth and kerbing work on the road

13: Last Phase of Constructing a House

And the moment has arrived! Only a few remaining tasks left to accomplish before the move-in day…

Thoroughly clean the entire house
Polish all windows and remove labels from glass and appliances
Remove all polystyrene packing from cookers
Remove all stabilizing bolts from washing machines and dryers
Off-hire the site toilet and any remaining hired plant
Take readings on all meters
Switch the central heating to ‘run’ mode
Arrange for the telephone company to connect the service
Install TV aerials and/or satellite dishes
Address any remaining items on the snagging list with the contractors
Lay carpets
Notify the local authority of completion for council tax valuation purposes
Prepare and send the Energy Performance Certificate to building control
Conduct the final inspection by building control and issue the Completion Certificate
Perform the final inspection by the warranty inspector and issue the warranty
Arrange protective covering for floor surfaces prior to furniture delivery
Switch the self-build site insurance policy to a homeowners’ policy